{"id":6387,"date":"2022-05-26T07:38:03","date_gmt":"2022-05-26T07:38:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sugarseb.local\/?page_id=6387"},"modified":"2022-06-27T07:54:12","modified_gmt":"2022-06-27T07:54:12","slug":"gyakran-ismetelt-kerdesek","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sugarsebeszet.hu\/ro\/gyakran-ismetelt-kerdesek\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente<\/h1><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n \n \n Ce este radiochirurgia?<\/span>\n\n \n
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Radiochirurgia este o interven\u021bie\nmedical\u0103 avansat\u0103, care vizeaz\u0103\ndistrugerea complet\u0103 \u0219i precis\u0103, cu o\nsingur\u0103 doz\u0103 mare de iradia\u021bii a unui\nvolum \u021bint\u0103 specific care con\u021bine celule\nanormale sau normale, f\u0103r\u0103 a distruge\n\u021besuturile din jur.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n \n

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\n \n \n Prin ce difer\u0103 de radioterapia clasic\u0103?<\/span>\n\n \n
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\u00cen decursul radioterapiei clasice\npacientul este tratat cu frac\u021biuni de doz\u0103\nmic\u0103 zilnic. Astfel tratamentul poate\ndura \u0219i \u00een jur de o lun\u0103. Se utilizeaz\u0103\npentru leziuni cu volum mare unde nu\neste necesar\u0103 o precizie foarte \u00eenalt\u0103.\nPe parcursul radiochirurgiei se\nadministreaz\u0103 o doz\u0103 unic\u0103 cresut\u0103 cu\no precizie milimetric\u0103.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n \n

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\n \n \n Care sunt cele mai cunoscute proceduri\nradiochirurgicale?<\/span>\n\n \n
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1. Protonterapie \u2013 sisteme care\nutilizeaz\u0103 ciclotron
2. Iradiere cu raze gamma \u2013\nGammaKnife, GammaART-6000, Masep,\nOur, etc.
3. Sisteme bazate pe LINAC (accelerator\nliniar) \u2013 Novalis, Cyberknife, Xknife,\nTrilogy etc.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n \n

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\n \n \n Ce tip de interven\u021bii se efectueaz\u0103 \u00een\ncentrul din Debrecen?<\/span>\n\n \n
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La centrul de Radiochirurgie Gamma din\nDebrecen pacien\u021bii sunt trata\u021bi cu\nradiochirurgie folosind raze gamma.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n \n

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\n \n \n Ce tip de aparat este folosit \u00een Centrul de\nRadiochirurgie Gamma din Debrecen?<\/span>\n\n \n
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Tratamentele sunt efectuate cu un\naparat GammaART-6000 rotativ\nfabricat \u00een SUA.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n \n

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\n \n \n Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103?<\/span>\n\n \n
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\u00cen interiorul aparatului \u00eentr-o hemisfer\u0103\nse afl\u0103 30 de surse de izotop Co-60.\nAceste surse se mi\u0219c\u0103 dealungul unei\naxe paralele cu axa mesei de tratament\ndealungul unui hemicerc. Fotonele\nemise de sursele gamma sunt\nfocalizate \u00eentr-un singur punct. \u00cen\npunctul focal efectul fotonelor de\nintensitate redus\u0103 luate individual se\nmultiplic\u0103 \u0219i astfel se poate induce\nefectul biologic dorit. M\u0103rimea punctului\nfocal depinde de colimatoarele mobile\naflate \u00een fa\u021ba fiec\u0103rei surse de iradiere.\n\u021aesuturile aflate \u00een afara punctului focal\nprimesc o doz\u0103 de iradiere semnificativ\nmai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t volumul tratat.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n \n

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\n \n \n Ce este radia\u021bia gamma?<\/span>\n\n \n
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Este un subtip al iradierii radioactive. \u00cen\ncursul dezintegr\u0103rii radioactive a izotopului Co-60 se formeaz\u0103 doi fotoni\ngamma cu energia de 1,17 MeV \u0219i 1,33\nMeV. Aceste raze ionizante invizibile se\ndenumesc iradiere gamma.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n \n

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\n \n \n Se efectueaz\u0103 verific\u0103ri periodice asupra\nfunc\u021bion\u0103rii \u0219i preciziei aparatului?<\/span>\n\n \n
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Aparatul \u0219i func\u021bionarea acestuia,\nactivitatea surselor de iradiere, precizia\nmecanic\u0103 \u0219i calculatorul cu softwareul\ndedicat sunt verificate de o echip\u0103 de\nfizicieni \u00eentr-un proces de asigurarea\ncalit\u0103\u021bii periodic \u0219i continuu.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n \n

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\n \n \n Ce afec\u021biuni se pot trata?<\/span>\n\n \n
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Aparatul din centrul radiochirurgical se\nutilizeaz\u0103 \u00een primul r\u00e2nd pentru\ntratamentul proceselor intracraniene \u00een\nspe\u021b\u0103 a tumorilor cerebrale, malforma\u021bii\nvasculare \u0219i pentru unele procese\nfunc\u021bionale ca \u0219i cum neuralgia\ntrigeminal\u0103.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n \n

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\n \n \n Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la nivelul organismului?<\/span>\n\n \n
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\u00cen zona tratat\u0103 iradierea, \u00een func\u021bie de\ndoz\u0103 \u0219i leziunea \u021bintit\u0103 efectul produs\npoate fi necroz\u0103 celular\u0103, fibroz\u0103,\nocluzie vascular\u0103, inflama\u021bie acut\u0103 \u0219i\nedem cerebral.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n \n

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\n \n \n Dup\u0103 interven\u021bie dispare imediat procesul\npatologic?<\/span>\n\n \n
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Nu, dup\u0103 interven\u021bie procesul nu dispare\nimediat la marea majoritatea a\npacien\u021bilor \u0219i depinde de doza\nadministrat\u0103 \u0219i de radiosensibilitatea\nleziunii. Reducerea volumului, ocluzia\nvascular\u0103 \u0219i modific\u0103rile func\u021bionale se\nproduc \u00eentr-un timp mai scurt sau mai\nlung. Producerea efectului poate dura\nde la c\u00e2teva luni (1-2 luni) p\u00e2n\u0103 la chiar\nc\u00e2\u021biva ani.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n \n

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\n \n \n \u00cen ce const\u0103 tratamentul?<\/span>\n\n \n
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Descrierea detaliat\u0103 al tratamentului\npoate fi acesat\u0103 pe subpagina\u00a0Cursul tratamentului<\/a>\u00a0
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\n \n \n Toate afec\u021biunile sunt tratate la fel?<\/span>\n\n \n
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Procedura de tratament este aceea\u0219i,\n\u00eens\u0103 afec\u021biunile sunt tratate cu doze\ndiferite \u00een func\u021bie de efectul dorit,\nprecum \u0219i de func\u021bia \u0219i sensibilitatea\n\u021besuturilor din jur.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n \n

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\n \n \n Ce reac\u021bii adverse pot ap\u0103rea \u00een timpul \u0219i\ndup\u0103 tratament?<\/span>\n\n \n
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Pot ap\u0103rea urm\u0103toarele simptome:\nle\u0219in, dureri de cap, senza\u021bie de presiune\nintracranian\u0103, grea\u021b\u0103, stare general\u0103 de\nr\u0103u, simptome neurologice asociate\nedemului cerebral. \u00cen majoritatea\ncazurilor pacien\u021bii nu prezint\u0103 reac\u021bii\nadverse.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n \n

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\n \n \n Este necesar\u0103 administrarea unui\ntratament medicamentos pre- sau\npostterapeutic?<\/span>\n\n \n
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\u00cen general nu, dar \u00een unele cazuri se\nrecomand\u0103 administrarea\nmedicamentelor antiepileptice sau\nsteroizi pentru a reduce edemul\ncerebral. La nevoie, se poate indica\nmedicamente pentru men\u021binerea\nechilibrului psiho-emo\u021bional \u0219i\nreducerea senza\u021biei de calustrofobie \u00een\ntimpul procedurii. Pacien\u021bii vor continua\ntratamentul pentru afec\u021biunile cronice\npe care le luau \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n \n

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\n \n \n Care sunt avantajele acestui tratament?<\/span>\n\n \n
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Tratmentul cu gamma-knife este o\nmetod\u0103 non-invaziv\u0103, fiind o alternativ\u0103\nla tehnicile chirurgicale clasice prin\ndeschiderea cutiei craniene. Acesta\nasigur\u0103 un tratament unic pentru mul\u021bi\npacien\u021bi, la care orice fel de interven\u021bie\nneurochirurgical\u0103 a fost discutabil\u0103.\nRaportat la interven\u021biile chirurgicale\nclasice, la tratamentul cu gamma-knife\nriscul complica\u021biilor \u0219i mortalit\u0103\u021bii este\nmai sc\u0103zut\u0103, iar recuperarea pacien\u021bilor\neste mai rapid\u0103.\nDac\u0103 se indic\u0103, tratamentul oncologic\nse poate continua la doar c\u00e2teva zile. Pe\nparcursul tratamentului organismul este\nexpus la mai pu\u021bin stres \u0219i durere dec\u00e2t\n\u00een cazul interven\u021biilor chirurgicale\nclasice. Deoarece nu necesit\u0103 anestezie\ngeneral\u0103 la adul\u021bi, interven\u021bia se poate\nefectua \u0219i la pacien\u021bii la care anterior nu\nera posibil din cauza anesteziei.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n \n

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\n \n \n De c\u00e2t timp se efectueaz\u0103 astfel de interven\u021bii radiochirurgicale?<\/span>\n\n \n
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Principiile metodei au fost elaborate de\nprofesorul neurochirurg\u00a0Lars Leksell<\/i>\u00a0(Universitatea Karolinska,\ndepartamentul de neurochirurgie,\nStockholm) \u00een urm\u0103 cu 50 de ani.\nPrimele tratamente au \u00eenceput \u00een a doua\njum\u0103tate a anilor \u0219aizeci, iar apoi\nprocesul s-a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit la nivel mondial\ndin a doua jum\u0103tate a anilor optzeci,\nodat\u0103 cu dezvoltarea aparatelor CT \u0219i\nRMN. \u00cen prezent, exist\u0103 sute de centre\nde radiochirurgie \u00een lume. \u00cen ultimii ani\nau fost trata\u021bi aproape o jum\u0103tate de\nmilion de pacien\u021bi. De la \u00eenceputul anilor\n'90 \u00een Ungaria, la Budapesta s-au\nefectuat tratamente de iradierea\nstereotaxic\u0103 \u2013 LINAC. \u00cen iunie 2007 s-a\ninaugurat primul Centru de\nRadiochirurgie Gamma \u00een cadrul\nUniversit\u0103\u021bii din Debrecen la Centrul de\n\u0218tiin\u021be Medicale \u0219i de S\u0103n\u0103tate. De\natunci tratarea pacien\u021bilor se efectueaz\u0103\n\u00een continuu.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n \n

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\n \n \n Poate avea efecte secundare?<\/span>\n\n \n
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\u00cen cazuri izolate, a fost descris\u0103 apari\u021bia\nunei tumori maligne care nu a fost\nprezent\u0103 anterior, dar acest lucru poate\nap\u0103rea \u0219i \u00een urma oric\u0103rei tratament de\nradioterapie, posibilitatea fiind foarte\nsc\u0103zut\u0103. Foarte rar, pot ap\u0103rea necroze\ntisulare nea\u0219teptate, leziuni ale structurii\nnervoase, edem cerebral accentuat \u0219i\nsimptomele asociate acestora.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n \n

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\n \n \n Se poate repeta tratamentul?<\/span>\n\n \n
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Deoarece iradierea este \u021bintit\u0103 doar pe\nzona afectat\u0103 de boal\u0103, la nevoie\ntratamentul poate fi repetat sau extins\n\u0219i \u00een alte zone.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n \n

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\n \n \n \u00cen cazurile \u00een care nu se poate utiliza\nmetoda clasic\u0103 chirurgical\u0103 din cauza\nlocaliz\u0103rii bolii (zon\u0103 greu accesibil\u0103) se\npoate trata pacientul prin tratament\nradiochirurgical?<\/span>\n\n \n
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Acest lucru depinde par\u021bial de procesul\npatologic \u0219i de localizarea acestuia, dar\nteoretic nu exist\u0103 o localizare a bolii \u00een\ninteriorul craniului la care razele gamma\ns\u0103 nu poat\u0103 s\u0103 p\u0103trund\u0103. Desigur, \u00een\nfiecare caz este necesar\u0103 o evaluare\nindividual\u0103.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n \n

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\n \n \n \u00cen cazul unei tumori extirpate doar par\u021bial\nprin metode chirurgicale, mai este \u0219ans\u0103 la\ntratament radiochirurgical?<\/span>\n\n \n
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\u00cen unele cazuri tratamentul\nradiochirurgical se poate utiliza \u00een\ncombina\u021bie cu tratamentul clasic\nchirurgical, ca \u0219i tratament\ncomplementar.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n \n

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\n \n \n Tratamenul de radioterapie efectuat\nanterior exclude tratamentul\nradiochirurgical?<\/span>\n\n \n
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Nu exclude, chiar nici \u00een cazul \u00een care\npacientul a fost iradiat anterior pe tot\ncraniul.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n \n

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\n \n \n Cine lucreaz\u0103 \u00een centrele de radiochirurgie?<\/span>\n\n \n
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Neurochirurgi, fizicieni, asisten\u021bi medicali, neuroradiologi, manageri.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\tConsulta\u021bie\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n <\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gyakran Ism\u00e9telt K\u00e9rd\u00e9sek Mi a sug\u00e1rseb\u00e9szet? A sug\u00e1rseb\u00e9szet olyan m\u0171t\u00e9ti elj\u00e1r\u00e1s, melynek c\u00e9lja a k\u00f3ros, vagy norm\u00e1lis sejteket tartalmaz\u00f3, meghat\u00e1rozott c\u00e9lt\u00e9rfogat teljes \u00e9s pontos megsemmis\u00edt\u00e9se egyszeri, nagyd\u00f3zis\u00fa sug\u00e1rkezel\u00e9ssel a k\u00f6rnyez\u0151 sz\u00f6vetek k\u00e1ros\u00edt\u00e1sa n\u00e9lk\u00fcl. Miben k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6zik a sug\u00e1rter\u00e1pi\u00e1t\u00f3l? A sug\u00e1rter\u00e1pia sor\u00e1n a beteget t\u00f6bb alkalommal kezelik kis d\u00f3zis\u00fa sug\u00e1rnyal\u00e1bokkal. Ak\u00e1r egy h\u00f3napig is eltarthat a kezel\u00e9s. […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":6,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template\/template-home.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6387","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sugarsebeszet.hu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6387","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sugarsebeszet.hu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sugarsebeszet.hu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sugarsebeszet.hu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sugarsebeszet.hu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6387"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sugarsebeszet.hu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6387\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sugarsebeszet.hu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6387"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}